More than 30 million people rely on the Great Lakes for drinking water, and they support a fisheries industry valued at $5.1 billion annually.  Monitoring the Lakes’ water chemistry is a vital part of maintaining the quality of this key natural resource. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for collecting and testing water samples in each of the five Great Lakes as part of a long-term monitoring project. The agency’s staff collected more than 600 samples in 2024 followed by more than 1,000 in 2025. Through our contract with the U.S. EPA Great Lakes Program Office, CSS employee owners are responsible for analyzing these water samples for nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. In excess, these nutrients degrade water quality and are known to lead to harmful algal blooms in certain areas of the Lakes. 

Data from these analyses are used to support evaluations of Great Lakes’ water quality.  Learn more about testing water quality in the Great Lakes. 

People in a lab with water samples spread across tables.
CSS chemists receive and login hundreds of water samples from the biannual EPA Great Lakes surveys.  Samples are analyzed for nutrients and other water quality indicators.

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Preparing and Delivering Samples for Travel to the International Space Station

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Revamping Coral Reef Conservation Program Website

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